Les aboiements des chiens : comprendre et gérer les aboiements du chien avec une approche respectueuse

et efficace.

les aboiements des chiensLes aboiements des chiens , contrairement au miaulement du chat, constituent une nuisance sociètale importante, punie par les pouvoirs publics.

Mais l’aboiement fait partie intégrante du langage naturel du chien.

Cette vocalisation, au même titre que les grognements, gémissements ou hurlements transmet une information émotionnelle précise et s’accompagne souvent de signaux corporels essentiels à décoder pour bien comprendre votre compagnon.

Qu’il s’agisse d’un aboiement d’alerte, de frustration, de peur, d’enthousiasme ou de demande d’attention, chaque vocalisation exprime quelque chose. Pour mieux gérer les aboiements excessifs, il faut d’abord apprendre à les lire.

Ainsi c’est un langage riche, au-delà de l’aboiement

La communication canine repose sur plusieurs canaux interdépendants :

  • Visuel : postures, tension musculaire, queue, oreilles
  • Auditif / Vocal : aboiements, grognements, hurlements
  • Tactile
  • Olfactif / phéromonal
  • Contextuel : environnement, déclencheurs, humains ou animaux présents

Chez le chien, les signaux sont souvent redondants : un aboiement d’alerte s’accompagne généralement d’une posture haute, d’un regard fixe, et parfois de bonds vers l’avant.
Pour analyser un aboiement, on observe toujours l’ensemble du contexte.

Les différents types d’aboiements et leurs significations

1. Aboiement pour distancer un intrus

Le chien cherche à protéger son espace (maison, jardin, voiture…).
C’est un comportement naturel, surtout chez les chiens sensibles.

2. Aboiement d’alerte / alarme

Déclenché par un bruit ou un mouvement inhabituel.
Posture plus rigide, forte vigilance.

3. Aboiement de contentement

Queue détendue qui remue, posture souple, souvent lors des retrouvailles.

4. Aboiement de demande d’attention

Le chien a appris que s’il aboie il obtient quelque chose (sortie, jeu, interaction), car de guerre lasse, son propriétaire va interagir, et son comportement sera renforcé même si l’humain dit « non »

5. Aboiement compulsif

Répétitif, stéréotypé, souvent lié à un manque de stimulation ou un trouble émotionnel.

6. Aboiement par facilitation sociale

Le chien répond aux aboiements d’autres chiens, même lointains.

7. Aboiement de frustration / excitation

Quand il veut accéder à un congénère, un stimulus, un jouet…

8. Aboiement lié à une douleur, une maladie ou une anxiété de séparation

Important à identifier, la cause pouvant être médicale ou émotionnelle.

Pourquoi comprendre avant d’agir est essentiel

L’aboiement est un comportement naturel, impossible  à supprimer complètement.
Certaines races sont génétiquement plus prédisposées (terriers, samyèdes, caniches…)

L’objectif n’est donc pas de faire taire, mais d’enseigner un comportement plus adapté.

5 stratégies respectueuses pour réduire les aboiements

1. Identifier la cause

C’est la base du travail :

  • Quand aboie-t-il ?
  • Dans quel lieu ?
  • Face à quels stimuli ?
  • Quel est son langage corporel ?
  • Présence de douleur ou stress ?

2. Gérer l’environnement

Limiter les déclencheurs aide énormément :

  • Bloquer la vue sur la rue
  • Réduire les bruits
  • Anticiper les arrivées d’invités
  • Éviter l’accès aux zones où le chien peut “s’auto-renforcer” (fenêtres, portail…)

3. Apprendre  le calme ou remplacer par un autre comportement

Méthode douce et progressive :

  • Laisser 2–3 aboiements, puis dire “Silence” calmement
  • Récompenser le calme avant qu’il n’entre dans une chaîne “j’aboie → je me tais → j’ai une récompense”
  • Apprendre un comportement incompatible (prendre un jouet en gueule, aller sur un tapis…)

4. Gérer les aboiements d’attention

  • Ne jamais répondre à un aboiement par un mot, un regard ou un geste
  • Attendre le calme
  • Récompenser une demande polie  (apporter un jouet, se poser)

5. Favoriser l’équilibre émotionnel en répondant aux besoins éthologiques du chien

  • Activités physiques adaptées
  • Jeux de recherche, de flair, mastication
  • Travail de la frustration
  • Interactions sociales de qualité, et bonne relation Humain-Chien.

 

Ce qu’il faut absolument éviter :

  • Punir un chien qui aboie par peur ou par anxiété
  • Être incohérent dans les règles
  • Utiliser des colliers anti-aboiement (électriques, spray, vibrations)
    → Interdits en France depuis l‘arrété article 14 du  19 juin 2025, selon arrêté officiel
  • Attacher ou museler la gueule
    → Dangereux, illégal, traumatisant

Conclusion : l’aboiement, une information précieuse

L’aboiement n’est pas un “problème”, mais un message.
Il exprime un état émotionnel : peur, frustration, excitation, vigilance, joie, solitude…

L’objectif n’est pas de faire taire, mais de comprendre, d’adapter et d’accompagner.

Une approche bienveillante, cohérente et respectueuse permet non seulement de réduire les aboiements gênants, mais aussi de renforcer profondément la relation humain-chien.

 

 

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