Analyse ABC dans la réeducation comportementale

ABC du comportement animal

Connaissez-vous l’analyse fonctionnelle du comportement, adaptée par Susan Friedman aux animaux, pour modifier un comportement animal non désiré.

Brian Iwata et al. (1982) avaient démontré que l’on peut identifier expérimentalement la fonction d’un comportement en manipulant les antécédents et les conséquences. Les fonctions typiques clairement identifiées sont d’obtenir quelque chose, d’éviter quelque chose et d’avoir une stimulation sensorielle.

Le comportement fait partie d’une multitude d’interactions entre la génétique d’un individu, ses apprentissages et expériences , et le contexte environnemental dans lequel ce comportement prend effet.

Afin d’augmenter notre capacité à comprendre et influencer le comportement de nos animaux, nous avons besoin d’une approche raisonnée, qui nous procurera une structure de travail organisée et simplifiera la complexité apparente, qui sinon menace d’obscurcir notre vue d’ensemble.

L’une des approches, permettant de comprendre un comportement spécifique, est connue sous le terme d’analyse ABC. Ces lettres représentent les trois éléments d’une équation comportementale incluant les antécédents, le behavior (comportement en anglais) et les conséquences. Au moyen de cette stratégie, nous cherchons par une observation fine et prudente, sans interprétation, à identifier ce qui se passe et les conditions dans lesquelles les choses se déroulent avant l’apparition du comportement cible, et cherchons aussi à identifier les conséquences de ce comportement.

Il est essentiel ainsi de rechercher la fonction du comportement indésirable.

Les 3 piliers

A – Antécédents
Contexte, signaux, émotions, environnement, déclencheurs.

B – Comportement
Action observable et mesurable (ce que l’animal fait réellement) avec description de toute la séquence : début, action et phase d’arrêt.

C – Conséquences
Ce qui suit le comportement et influence sa répétition

 

Il y a 6 étapes pour analyse l’ABC:

(1) décrire le comportement cible en termes clairs et précis;

(2) décrire les faits et conditions précédant immédiatement l’occurrence de ce comportement;

(3) décrire les conséquences immédiates de ce comportement; (4) séquencer les antécédents, le comportement et ses conséquences;

(5) imaginez et créer de nouveaux antécédents et/ou conséquences afin d’enseigner de nouveaux comportements ou de transformer l’apparition de l’un d’entre eux;

(6) évaluer le résultat.

 

Au Centre du Bien-être Animal nous enseignons, au futur éducateur canin et comportementaliste équin, l’analyse ABC comme outil central de compréhension et de décision pour identifier les éléments qui contrôlent et motivent le comportement et construire des interventions précises, mesurables et durables pour chaque chien ou cheval en rééducation comportementale.

C’est une approche professionnelle rigoureuse et éthique basée sur la science nécessitant une observation fine, une compréhension de la fonction du comportement , de découvrir les antécédents immédiats et anciens, et d’analyser les conséquences.

Elle permet d’amoindrir les interprétations, avec plus d’observation et de lecture comportementale, avec des résultats concrets, au service de la performance, du bien-être animalet d’une relation de confiance humain-animal.

Elle permet d’identifier précisément la fonction du comportement.

Son objectif est de comprendre et non corriger, d’ajuster l’environnement et les interactions, et de développer des comportements adaptés par renforcement positif avec des nouvelles compétences apprises en amont, afin de remplacer les comportements non désirés.

Nous proposerons en priorité des nouveaux comportements, ayant la même fonction que ceux non souhaitables.

Exemples

Antécédent 1 : la porte d’entrée s’ouvre et une personne entre

Comportement 1 : Médor aboit

Conséquence 1/Antécédent 2 : la personne dit « non »

Comportement 2 : Médor « pince »

Conséquence 2 : je lui donne un jouet pour détourner son attention

Prédictabilité : les comportements 1 et 2 vont augmenter en fréquence.

Fonctions probables :

  1. Intrinsèque (excitabilité)
  2. Accès au jouet

 

Merci beaucoup de votre lecture et de partager.

Pat Rérolle

Brian Iwata et al. (1982) : Toward a Functional Analysis of Self-Injury

 

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