La protection de ressources

Qu’en est-il ?

C’est un comportement permettant de décourager de prendre ou de s’approcher de la nourriture, d’un objet, d’une personne ou d’un espace de valeur.

Pourquoi ce comportement ?

Cela peut être un comportement normal et naturel, car chaque humain ou animal garde à différents degrés ses ressources de valeur.

 Quelles sont les causes ?

 C’est un comportement naturel d’origine :

– Génétique
– Survenant chez des chiots lors de grandes portées, où l’accès aux tétines est plus difficile
– Par privation de ressources
– Crée par les propriétaires : en effet malheureusement les propriétaires de chiens ont pris cette affreuse habitude, par besoin de contrôler ou dominer l’animal, de retirer régulièrement la gamelle, créant une menace de privation de ressources (seriez-vous content ou irrité, si je jouais avec votre assiette remplie de votre plat préféré…)

Qu’est-ce que les chiens gardent le plus souvent :

– Diverses nourriture, y compris leurs croquettes
– Des friandises de haute valeur
– Des jouets
– Un/des espace/s (canapés, lit, panier)
– Une/des personne/s, leur humain préféré
– Des objets trouvés à l’extérieur

Appréciation de la dangerosité :

– L’intensité
– Le comportement prévisible ou non, crise émotionnelle (Syndrome Rage)
– La taille du chien
– La présence d’enfant
– L’historique de morsures

 Le langage corporel du chien nous parle :

 – Le chien mange plus vite, ou au contraire arrête de manger en surveillant l’intrus susceptible de voler la nourriture défendue
– La rigidité du corps
– Les oreilles en arrière
– L’œil de baleine avec vision du blanc des yeux
– Le grognement
– Le chien menace et montre les dents.

Alors que faire ?

– De la désensibilisation : il faut augmenter graduellement l’approche à des niveaux que le chien peut tolérer, en commençant par des objets de peu de valeur.

– Du contre-conditionnement classique : il faut changer l’émotion en couplant un stimulus négatif à un stimulus positif en approchant et en jetant une friandise de plus grande valeur.

– Du contre-conditionnement opérant : avec des signaux appris tels que « laisse », « donne », « recule » ou « va vers » (une cible).
Plusieurs étapes sont à mettre en place :
1ère étape : commencer avec un objet de peu de valeur, récompenser avec des friandises très appétantes, sans donner de signal, sans aucune pression, en s’approchant, et en reculant immédiatement afin d’éviter toute sensation de menace pour l’animal, répéter jusqu’à ce que le chien se désengage et lève la tête, toujours en observant le langage corporel ; parfois il est nécessaire d’attacher le chien avec une longe non tendue par sécurité.
2ème étape : travailler le fait que le chien lève la tête spontanément, avec une attitude relaxée. Le clicker peut être utilisé pour marquer le comportement. Donner ensuite un signal, « laisse », quand le chien lève la tête et lâche l’objet, clic-friandise et redonner l’objet pour que l’animal soit toujours gagnant.
3ème étape : Pour retirer l’objet il est conseillé de donner des friandises à distance.
D’autres comportements alternatifs peuvent être proposés : « recule », va au panier, etc…

Conclusion :

Utiliser le contre-conditionnement et la désensibilisation sont les premières étapes à travailler pour obtenir une meilleure émotion.
Ceci est possible en observant le langage corporel de l’animal afin de respecter sa zone de confort et avoir un meilleur apprentissage.
A aucun moment l’animal ne doit se sentir menacé ni par son entraîneur, ni par la privation de ressources.
Le contre-conditionnement opérant est très utile pour certains chiens qui gardent des objets trouvés, des personnes ou certains espaces.
Les cas de protection de ressources sont souvent complexes, et nécessitent beaucoup de répétitions à travers un système coopératif et gagnant-gagnant.

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